Branch Control
Conditionals
Example random number generator program with if/else blocks.
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctime>
int main() {
// Create a number that's 0 or 1
srand (time(NULL));
int coin = rand() % 2;
// If number is 0: Heads
// If it is not 0: Tails
if (coin == 0) {
std::cout << "Heads\n";
}
else {
std::cout << "Tails\n";
}
}Switch Statements
Example program with switch statements. If you don’t include the break for a condition, it will execute that block and "fall through" to the next one.
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int number = 9;
switch(number) {
case 1 :
std::cout << "Bulbusaur\n";
break;
case 2 :
std::cout << "Ivysaur\n";
break;
case 3 :
std::cout << "Venusaur\n";
break;
case 4 :
std::cout << "Charmander\n";
break;
case 5 :
std::cout << "Charmeleon\n";
break;
case 6 :
std::cout << "Charizard\n";
break;
default :
std::cout << "Unknown\n";
break;
}
}Loops
Repeat instructions while some condition is met.
While Loops
Example enter_pin.cpp program using a while loop:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int pin = 0;
int tries = 0;
std::cout << "BANK OF CODECADEMY\n";
std::cout << "Enter your PIN: ";
std::cin >> pin;
tries++;
while (pin != 1234 && tries < 3) {
std::cout << "Enter your PIN: ";
std::cin >> pin;
tries++;
}
if (pin == 1234) {
std::cout << "PIN accepted!\n";
std::cout << "You now have access.\n";
}
}